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Deux-ClicsAgence web digitale

Web technologies

When starting a website or application project, it’s easy to feel overwhelmed by the wide range of available technologies. Between languages, frameworks, and tools, it can be difficult to navigate.

This article provides an overview of the main technologies used on the web today. It is not meant to be exhaustive, but highlights the most common and widely used solutions.

Programming languages

(x)Html

Markup language used to structure and give meaning to web content. Comes from “HyperText Markup Language”, abbreviated as HTML. It allows you to create forms, insert links, images and videos.

Allows you to style a web document such as an HTML page. Comes from “Cascading Style Sheets”. It is a list of appearance and positioning properties (colors, fonts, borders, etc.). Style sheets aim to separate the content of a page from its visual appearance.

PHP

PHP is a programming language used to create dynamic web pages. About 3 out of 4 websites use PHP in one way or another.

Javascript

Allows you to add animations and effects to a web page. It is also used to make pages interactive and improve usability or the user interface.

Jquery

Open-source JavaScript library that makes writing JavaScript in web pages easier. It allows you to manipulate HTML, handle events, and simplify interactions with the page.

Other technologies

Mysql

Open-source relational database management system. It allows you to store and organize data of a website, such as users, articles or products.

Ajax

Technique that allows data to be loaded from a server without reloading the page. It is used to make websites faster and more interactive.

Nodejs

Runtime environment that allows JavaScript to be used on the server side. It makes it possible to build fast web applications, especially real-time ones.

React

Open-source JavaScript library developed by Facebook. It is used to build user interfaces, particularly in single-page web applications.

Wordpress

Free and open-source CMS (Content Management System). It is written in PHP and uses a MySQL database. It allows you to easily create a website with many plugins. More than 40% of websites use it.

Prestashop

Open-source CMS dedicated to e-commerce. It allows you to easily create and manage an online store.

Angular

Open-source framework developed by Google. It allows you to build web applications by managing pages, interactions, and data.

Python

Versatile open-source programming language. It is used to build websites, automate tasks, and develop applications.

Vue.JS

Open-source JavaScript framework (also simply called Vue). It is used to build user interfaces and web applications.

Symfony

Open-source PHP framework. It allows you to build websites and web applications by making code organization and development easier.

Laravel

Open-source PHP framework partly based on Symfony. It allows you to build websites and web applications by making development easier.

Ruby

Open-source object-oriented programming language designed to be simple and pleasant to use. It is used to build web applications and software.

Zend

Open-source PHP framework. It provides tools to build websites and web applications by structuring the code and making development easier.

Cakephp

Framework web libre écrit en PHP. Suit la structure MVC et imite le fonctionnement de Ruby on Rails. Il facilite l'utilisation de Bases de données avec Active record.

Apache cordova

Plus anciennement Apache Callback ou PhoneGap, il s'agit d'un framework open-source développé par la Fondation Apache. Il permet de créer des applications pour différentes plateformes (Android, Firefox OS, iOS, Ubuntu, Windows 8...) en HTML, CSS et JavaScript.

Ionic

Framework open-source permettant de construire des applications natives multiplateformes en utilisant les technologies web comme HTML, CSS, Javascript. Ionic est basé initialement sur AngularJS et Apache Cordova.

Joomla

CMS libre et open-source utilisé pour la création de site web (pages, blog, news, flux RSS, sondages, recherches). Joomla est écrit en PHP et utilise une base de données Mysql. Créé à partir du CMS Mambo à la suite de désaccords.

CodeIgniter

Framework libre écrit en PHP suivant le motif MVC. Considéré comme léger et performant, il a été conçu « pour les développeurs qui ont besoin d’une boîte à outils simple et élégante pour créer des applications web complètes ».

Woocommerce

Extension wordpress open-source spécialisée dans la mise en place de boutique e-commerce. À l'heure actuelle, woocomerce est la solution de vente en ligne la plus populaire sur le marché.

Bootstrap

Framework utilisé dans le cadre de création du design des sites et des applications web. Contient un ensemble de codes HTML et propriétés CSS avec des extensions Javascript en option. Un des projets les plus populaires sur la plateforme GitHub

Haml

Le HAML est un langage de balise utilisé pour générer des documents Xhtml sans utiliser la syntaxe Html. Il offre entre autres avantages, un plus grand confort d'écriture du HTML.

Sass

Un des préprocesseur les plus utilisés pour pouvoir gérer facilement les feuilles de style CSS complexes avec des propriétés qui s'adaptent à tous les navigateurs et des facilités d'écriture.

Sources

PHP usage statistics for websites (in English)
WordPress figures 2020

Glossary

Framework: Set of components used to build the foundations and main structure of all or part of a software or web application

CMS: Comes from the acronym “Content Management System”

Open-Source: License allowing free redistribution, access to source code and creation of derivative works

MVC: Also called “Model View Controller”, a software architecture pattern used for user interfaces and very popular for web applications

Préprocesseur: In computing, a preprocessor is a program that performs transformations on code before compilation